??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????

????? ????? ????

??? ????? ???? ????, ???????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????, ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????. ????? ??? ????? ????? ???: ????????? ?????: ????????? ?????, ????? ??? ???, ????? ??? ????, ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????. ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??.

??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????-????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????. ????? ????? ????, ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??. ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??, ???????, ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????. ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????, ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????. ????? ???, ???? ????? ???? ??????, ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???, ? CINE ?????? ??????, ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????, ???? ??? ??? ??????, ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????, ????? ?? ??? ?? ???????, ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????. ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????, ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??, ??? ???? ???, ??? ??? ??, ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????, ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????.

?????? ??? ????? ??? ????

1. ???? ???

????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??. ??????, ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ? 42.5 ????? ??? ??? ?????. ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ? 500 ?.?.

2. ??? ???

??? ????? ???? ????? ??. ??? ????? ??????? ??, ????? ??? ??? ??, ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??. ?????? ????? ??? ???, ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????. ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ? 0.1667 ?? 0.125 ???? ??? ????, ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? 0.25 ?? ? 10 ?.? ??? ??? ??? ????. ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????, ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??. ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ? 9/20 ?? 1/2 ???? ??? ????. ???? ??? ??? ??? 1/2 ?? 3 ??? ??? ????.

3. ??? ????

?????? ??? ?????, ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????, ???? ???? ?? ???-?????? ???? ?????. ???? ?? ????? ??? ????, ?????, ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????.

???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????. ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????, ?? ?????, ??? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??. ???? ???, ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???, ?????? ????? ?? ????. ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???, ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????, ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?????. ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????. ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????.

"?????? ????? ??? ??????

??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ? 1.0 ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ? 1.0 ??? ??? ?????, ????? ????? ??? ???? ??. ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????.

V = π / 4 (D 2H1 + KD 2H 2)

V ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???, M3;

H1 ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??.

H1 = (H-h2) γw / c, m;

? ???? ???? ????, ??;

H2 ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??, ?? 1.3 ~ 1.8m ??,

W ??? ??? ??, 11 ~ 12 ?.?.

C ???? ???? ??, ??? 23 ~ 24 ?.? / M3 ??,

D ????? ???? ????? ??, ?,

D ???? ??? ?????, ?,

? ????? ???? ???? ??, ?? ?? k = 1.1 ~ 1.3.

????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??. ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????, ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ?????? ??, ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????, ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????.

"????? ??????

??????, ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????. ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????. ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??, ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????. ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??, ????? ?? ?? ?????, ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??. ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???, ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????, ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????.

?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????. ????? ???? ????, ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????. ??????? ???? ????, ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????. ????, ???? ????? ????, ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??????, ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????. ???.

???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? proved ?, ???? ??????, ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??.

??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????, ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????.

"????? ???? ?????

???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????, ???? ???? ?????, ?? ??? ???????? ???? ????, ??????, ????? ????? ??? ????, ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??, ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ? CALE ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????.

?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??, ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??. ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??????, ?? ??? ??? ??????. ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??. ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????, ????? ???? ??? ??? ??, ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????, ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???????. ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? / ??? ?????? ??? ??. ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????, ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????????, ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??, ?? ???? ??? ????? ??.??. ????? ????? ????? ??? ??. ????, ???? ???? ?????? ? 2 ??? 6 ??? ? 2 ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???-????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ? 3 ??? 8 ??? ??? ??? ????? ????. ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????, ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????.

"????? ???? ??? ?????

???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????. ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???, ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????, ?? ? STAGAGE ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????. ? Stragionso ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????. ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????. ??????, ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????, ???? ????? ???? ?????. ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????, ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????. ???? ????, ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????, ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????. ???? ??? ???, ??? ??? ?? ??, ? 30 ????? ??? ????? ???? ????.

"??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????

????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???????, ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????. ????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????????? ??, ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????, ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??. ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????. ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????, ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????, ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? "?? ??" ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????.

??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??, ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??. ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????. ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ? 1.15 ?? 1.25 ???? ??? ????, ???? ??? ??? ????, ?? ???? ????? ≤28s ??? ????, ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??, ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????, ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????. ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? 0.6-0.5mapa ???? ????. ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? 0 ????? ????. 3 ~ 0.5m. ? 600 ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???, ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????. ????? ?????? ???, 0.1 ~ 0.2M3 ? 1 ? 1 ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????, ??? ????? ???? ????.

??????, ??????? ??? ???, ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????. ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????. ????? ??? ???, ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????, ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????.

"????? ???? ?? ??????

1. ????? ??? ?? ?? ??

??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??. ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??, ????? ?????, ??? ?????? ????, ???? ???. ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??.

1) ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??, ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??, ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??, ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????.

2) ??? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????.

3) ?????? ?????? ???? ?????, ????????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????. ??? ??? ?? ?????, ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??.

?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????. ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???.

1) ??????? ?????? ??? ? ??? ???? ????, ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????.

2) ????? ?? ? 300 ?.? ??? 500 ?.? ??? ??? ? 300 ?.? ??? ??? ????.

3) ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ? 2.0 ? ??? ?? ???? ????.

4) ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???, ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? (???) ?????. ????? ??? ????, ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????.

??????? ??? ?? (??) ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????.

1) ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????, ???? ????? ??? ? 0.5 ??? ??? ???, ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????. ??????, ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????, ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????, ?? ????? ??? ???? ????, ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????.

2) ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? 1 ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????, ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? / ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????. ??? ?????? ?????, ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????. ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????, ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????, ???? ???? ???? ????.

2. ??? ???

????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????. ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??.

1) ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????, ???? ????? ????? ??????. ?????? ????? ??? ?????? (??) ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????, ???? ???? ??? ??? ??, ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????, ?? ??? ?????. ????? ????? ???, ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????, ???? ???? ????? ??? ??, ??? ?? ??, ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???? (??) ?? ????? ???? ???? ???????.

2) ????? ??? ?????? ?? is ?, ????? ???? ?????, ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??. ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????, ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??, ????? ??? ??? ??? ??, ??? ?? ??, ?? ????? ????? ????? ??, ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??, ???? ???? ???? ????, ??? ?????, ??? ?? has ?.

??? ??? ??? ?????, ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????, ?? ????? ??? ????? ????, ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????.

???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????. ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????-??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? (????? ???), ?? ????? (?????? ?? ???? ???) ????? ????. ????? ???? ???, ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????. ?????? ??? ?????, ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????. ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????. ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????.

3. ????? ???

??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????. ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????, ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??. ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??, ???? ???? ?????????, ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????, ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????.

?????? ??????-??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????. ??????, ? 2 ? 2 ??? ??? ??? ????? ????. ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????. ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????. ????? ???? ????? ???, ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????. ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????. ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????.

????? ???? ??? ?????, ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????. ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????, ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????. ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????, ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????. ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??.

4. ?? ???? ????

?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????. ????? ??????: - ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??. ????????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????, ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???.

?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????.

1) ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ????, ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????.

2) ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????.

3) ???? ???? ? 1.2 ??? 1.15 ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ? 1.25 ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????.

?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??. ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????, ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????. ? <Workway> ??? ???, ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ? 50 ?.? ???? ?? ?????, ?????? ??????, ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????.

5. ????? ????

?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???. ??????, ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???, ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????, ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????. ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??. ????? ???, ??? ???? ?????, ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????.

????? ???? ????, ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????.

1) ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????, ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????. ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????.

2) ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????. ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ? 10 ?.? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????. ????? ?????? ????. ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????.

3) ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????.

4) ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????, ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????. ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????.